Study Highlights Link Between Diet and Gum Disease
People living in the UK and following a diet close to the Mediterranean diet are more likely to have better gum health. This is associated with potentially lower amounts of gum disease and inflammation.
Findings from a Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences study indicate that people not following a Mediterranean–style diet tended to have more severe gum disease. This is especially true if they consumed red meat frequently.
Inflammation and Key Biomarkers
In these patients, the researchers observed higher levels of circulating inflammatory markers, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
However, patients whose diets were rich in plant-based food which are typical of a Mediterranean diet, such as legumes, vegetables, fruits, and olive oil, showed lower levels of various inflammatory markers.
Research Methods and Scope
The research, published today in the Journal of Periodontology, evaluated 200 hospital patients. These patients were enrolled in the King’s College London Oral, Dental and Craniofacial Biobank. Evaluations were done by performing dental exams, taking blood samples, and asking them about their diets through questionnaires.
The Mediterranean Diet and Overall Health
The Mediterranean diet is known for its emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. It has been associated with a lower risk of developing major diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and certain cancers.
There is substantial evidence showing that diet might play a role in human health by affecting the immune system and moderating inflammation. This depends on the composition of molecules in the diet. These include macronutrients, micronutrients, and phytochemicals. Plant-based diets can contain more of these molecules, which can lead to lower inflammation.
Expert Insights
“Our findings suggest that a balanced, Mediterranean-type diet could potentially reduce gum disease and systemic inflammation,” said Dr. Giuseppe Mainas, the first author of the study and a postdoctoral researcher.
Professor Luigi Nibali, lead author and a Professor of Periodontology and Head of the Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions said: “There is emerging evidence about the role that a balanced diet might have in maintaining a periodontal healthy status. Our research shows the potential effect that a nutrient-dense, plant-rich diet could play in improving the nation’s gum health. Nevertheless, more investigation is needed to develop personalised approaches to help people manage their gum health.”